Networking
Networks consist of the computers, wiring, and other devices, such as hubs,
switches and routers, that make up the network infrastructure. Some devices, such
as network interface cards, serve as the computer’s connection to the network.
Devices such as switches and routers provide traffic- control strategies for the
network. All sorts of different technologies can actually be employed to move data
from one place to another, including wires, radio waves, and even microwave
technology.
Bus Topology
bus topology is characterized by a main trunk or backbone line with a networked
computers attached at intervals along the trunk line. This topology type is
considered a passive topology because the computers on a bus just sit and listen.
When they "hear" data on the wire that belongs to them, they accept that data.
When they are ready to transmit, they make sure no one else on the bus is
transmitting and they send their packets of information.
Bus network typically use coaxial networking cable hooked to each computer
using a T-connector. Each end of the network is terminated using a terminator
specific to cable type.
Bus networks are easy to assemble and are easy to extend. They require a fairly
limited amount of cabling when compared to other topologies. Bus networks are
prone to cable breaks, loose connectors, and cable shorts that can be very difficult
to troubleshoot. One physical problem on the network, such as a detached
connector, can actually bring down the entire bus network.
Star Topology
In a star topology, the computers on the network connect to a centralized
connectivity device called a hub. Each computer is connected with its own cable to
a port on the hub. Star LANs also use the same type of wait-and-listen strategy to
access data or send data as characterized by the bus topology.
Ring Topology
A ring topology connects the LAN computers one after the other on the wire in a
physical circle. The ring topology moves information on the wire in one direction
and is considered an active topology. Computers on the network actually retransmit
the packets they receive and then send them on to the next computer in the ring.
